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1.
Rev. Urug. med. Interna ; 6(2): 56-60, jul. 2021. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1288122

ABSTRACT

Resumen: En la clasificación actual de las lesiones placentarias, se describen más de un tipo de infarto placentario y otras lesiones de mala perfusión placentaria tanto maternas como fetales. Estas distintas lesiones (procesos vasculares, inflamatorios, inmunes, etc) están incorporadas a los criterios diagnósticos del Grupo de Trabajo Placentario de Amsterdam 2014. En las mismas debe considerarse el estudio de trombofilias adquiridas, sin embargo no existe suficiente evidencia para el estudio de las trombofilias hereditarias. Se realiza una revisión sobre las mismas vinculadas a esta patología.


Abstract: In the current classification of placental lesions, more than one type of placental infarction and other maternal and fetal placental malperfusion lesions are described. These different lesions (vascular, inflammatory, immune processes, etc.) are incorporated into the diagnostic criteria of the Amsterdam Placental Working Group 2014. In them, the study of acquired thrombophilias must be considered, however there is not enough evidence to study the hereditary thrombophilias. A review is carried out on them related to this pathology.


Resumo: Na classificação atual de lesões placentárias, são descritos mais de um tipo de infarto placentário e outras lesões de má perfusão placentária materna e fetal. Essas diferentes lesões (vasculares, inflamatórias, processos imunológicos, etc.) são incorporadas aos critérios diagnósticos do Amsterdam Placental Working Group 2014. Nestes, o estudo das trombofilias adquiridas deve ser considerado, porém não há evidências suficientes para estudar as hereditárias trombofilias. É realizada uma revisão sobre eles relacionados a esta patologia.

2.
Rev. cuba. hematol. inmunol. hemoter ; 34(2): 153-158, abr.-jun. 2018.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1042889

ABSTRACT

Durante el embarazo, la hemostasia materna se caracteriza por ser un estado protrombótico en el cual se producen cambios en el sistema hemostático. La adaptación del sistema hemostático materno al embarazo predispone a la madre a un riesgo incrementado de evento trombótico y la presencia de trombofilias genéticas o adquiridas concomitantes aumenta el riesgo de trombosis asociada al embarazo. La tendencia actual en la terapéutica es administrar bajas dosis de aspirina como profilaxis de eventos trombóticos desde el momento de la concepción, hasta el inicio del tercer trimestre, donde se administra heparina de bajo peso molecular para evitar sangrados en el momento del parto. La evaluación de estos fármacos reviste gran importancia en el seguimiento de estas pacientes por el laboratorio, para definir conductas terapéuticas, por lo que este estudio demuestra que el dímero D y la agregación plaquetaria espontánea, constituyen procedimientos experimentales eficaces para evaluar la terapia antiagregante y anticoagulante en embarazadas con tendencias trombóticas. Se pudo comprobar un aumento en los niveles de dímero D de las gestantes y en algunos casos su valor se duplicó en el segundo y tercer trimestre, e incluso en el puerperio; sin embargo, con la conducta terapéutica seguida no se observaron aumentos por encima de 3 µg/mL y la agregación plaquetaria por encima del 40 % permitió definir la interrupción del embarazo. Finalmente, es bueno destacar que con el uso de estas herramientas útiles en el seguimiento de gestantes con trombofilias, se ha logrado introducir a la sociedad 61 neonatos que gozan de excelente salud.


During pregnancy the maternal hemostasis is characterized as a prothrombotic state in which changes in the hemostatic system. The adaptation of the maternal hemostatic system to pregnancy predisposes the mother to an increased risk of thrombotic event and the presence of concomitant genetic or acquired thrombophilia increases the risk of thrombosis associated with pregnancy. The current trend in therapy is to administer low-dose aspirin as prophylaxis for thrombotic events from the moment of conception until the beginning of the third quarter, low molecular weight heparin is administered to prevent bleeding at the time of delivery. The evaluation of these drugs is of great importance in monitoring these patients to define therapeutic conducts, so this study aimed to show that the D-dimer and spontaneous platelet aggregation, are methodologies for assessing the effectiveness of antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy in pregnant with thrombotic tendencies. He could see an increase in D-dimer levels of pregnant women and in some cases their value doubled in the second and third quarter, and even in the postpartum period, but with the therapeutic behavior followed no increase was observed above 3 µg/mL and platelet aggregation above 40 % allowed to define abortion. Finally note that we have been introduced to society 61 infants who are in excellent health with the use of these useful tools in monitoring pregnant women with thrombophilias.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Platelet Aggregation , Postpartum Period , Aftercare , Anticoagulants
3.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 91(1): 22-29, Jan-Feb/2015. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-741575

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: This review aimed to organize and consolidate the latest knowledge about mutations and genetic polymorphisms related to hereditary thrombophilia and their potential association with pediatric stroke and cerebral palsy (CP). SOURCES: Scientific articles published from 1993 to 2013, written in Portuguese, English, French, and Spanish, were selected and reviewed. The publications were searched in electronic databases, and also in the collections of local libraries. The terms "hereditary thrombophilia", "polymorphisms", "mutation", "pediatric strokes", and "cerebral palsy" were used for the research. SUMMARY OF THE FINDINGS: The search in databases and in the bibliographic references retrieved 75 articles for inclusion in this review. Studies that investigated hereditary thrombophilias and their associations to CP and arterial and venous pediatric stroke presented contradictory results. The meta-analysis and case-control studies that showed positive results for this association described only slightly increased relative risks and sometimes had questionable conclusions. The association of two or more hereditary thrombophilias, or the association between thrombophilia and other specific clinical risk factors, suggest a higher risk of CP and pediatric stroke than isolated hereditary thrombophilia. CONCLUSIONS: Larger, multicenter studies should be developed in order to elucidate the role of mutations leading to hereditary thrombophilia and the development of CP and pediatric stroke. The complex and multifactorial etiology of CP and stroke makes this an arduous and difficult task; however, the benefits generated by these studies are immeasurable. .


OBJETIVO: Sistematizar e integrar os últimos conhecimentos sobre mutações e polimorfismos genéticos relacionados às trombofilias hereditárias e suas potenciais associações com acidentes vasculares cerebrais pediátricos (AVC) e paralisia cerebral (PC). MATERIAL: Artigos científicos publicados de 1993 a 2013, escritos em português, inglês, francês e espanhol foram selecionados e revisados. As publicações foram pesquisadas nas bases de dados eletrônicas, como também nos acervos das bibliotecas locais. Os termos mutação, polimorfismos, trombofilias hereditárias, acidentes vasculares cerebrais pediátricos e paralisia cerebral foram usados para a pesquisa. RESULTADOS: A pesquisa nas bases de dados e nas referências bibliográficas identificou 75 artigos para inclusão nesta revisão. Os estudos que investigaram as trombofilias hereditárias e suas associações à PC e aos AVC pediátricos arteriais e venosos apresentaram resultados contraditórios. As metanálises e os estudos caso-controle que demonstraram resultados positivos para essa associação descreveram riscos relativos discretamente aumentados e, algumas vezes, questionáveis. A associação de duas ou mais trombofilias hereditárias, ou a junção de trombofilias específicas com demais fatores de riscos clínicos, sugerem maior risco no aparecimento da PC e do AVC pediátrico do que as trombofilias hereditárias isoladas. CONCLUSÃO: Estudos multicêntricos de grande porte devem ser conduzidos para elucidar o papel real das mutações que levam às trombofilias hereditárias e ao aparecimento da PC e AVC pediátricos. A etiologia multifatorial e complexa da PC e dos AVC torna essa tarefa árdua e difícil, porém, os benefícios gerados por esses estudos são incalculáveis. .


Subject(s)
Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Cerebral Palsy/complications , Stroke/complications , Thrombophilia/complications , Thrombophilia/genetics , Case-Control Studies , Intracranial Thrombosis/complications , Meta-Analysis as Topic , Mutation , Polymorphism, Genetic , Risk Factors
4.
J. bras. med ; 100(1): 8-10, Jan.-Mar. 2012.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-654869

ABSTRACT

Vários efeitos adversos na gravidez, como pré-eclampsia, deslocamento de placenta, prematuridade e até mesmo perdas fetais recorrentes vêm sendo amplamente associados a estados trombofílicos. Uma vez que o número de trombofilias herdadas tem crescido rapidamente nos últimos anos com a identificação de vários fatores genéticos predispondo ao desenvolvimento de trombose venosa ou arterial, cada vez mais se torna de grande interesse a identificação de mulheres de risco, na tentativa de minimizar os problemas na gravidez e, principalmente, instituir regimes terapêuticos para a prevenção de perdas fetais. Esta revisão aborda os riscos associados à presença de alterações genéticas predispondo à trombose e a importância de um monitoramento adequado.


Many adverse effects during pregnancy, like preeclampsia, placental abruptions, prematurity and recurrent fetal loss have been widely associated with thrombophilic states. The number of inherited thrombophilias has grown rapidly in recent years with the identification of many predisponent genetic factors to the development of venous and/or arterial thrombosis. Therefore, the identification of women of risk becomes of great interest in the attempt to minimize the problems during pregnancy and mainly to institute therapeutical regimens for fetal loss prevention. This review approaches the risk associated to the presence of genetic alterations predisposing to thrombosis, and the importance of an adequate follow up.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Anticoagulants/therapeutic use , Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic , Pregnancy, High-Risk , Thrombophilia/genetics , Thrombophilia/prevention & control , Venous Thrombosis/epidemiology , Abortion, Habitual/etiology , Abortion, Habitual/prevention & control , Abruptio Placentae/etiology , Premature Birth/etiology , Pre-Eclampsia/etiology , Risk Factors
5.
Rev. Méd. Clín. Condes ; 21(3): 424-431, mayo 2010. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-869482

ABSTRACT

Las trombofilias son un grupo de enfermedades que favorecen la formación de trombosis, tanto arteriales como venosas, y han sido asociadas con diferentes complicaciones durante el embarazo, entre las cuales podemos mencionar: aborto recurrente, preclampsia, restricción de crecimiento intrauterino y muerte fetal in útero, entre otras. Recientemente, se ha sugerido una asociación entre trombofilias e infertilidad. Las mutaciones de la enzima Metilentetrahidrofolato Reductasa (MTHFR) y de Leiden se encuentran con mayor frecuencia en pacientes con infertilidad de causa desconocida, al compararlas con grupos controles. Durante la etapa de estimulación ovárica diversas trombofilias han sido vinculadas con la aparición de sindrome de hiperestimulación ovárica severo. Por último, las pacientes con historia de falla recurrente de implantación, luego de múltiples ciclos de fertilización in Vitro, demuestran una mayor prevalencia de trombofilias que las pacientes con éxito en dichas terapias. Este artículo presenta una revisión de las publicaciones relevantes que abordaran los distintos aspectos de la relación entre trombofilias e infertilidad hasta agosto de 2009. El objetivo es describir los estudios utilizados y sus implicancias en el manejo de la pareja infértil.


Thrombophilias are a group of conditions that favor the genesis of arterial/venous thrombosis. Several complications throughout pregnancy have been associated with trhombophilias, including recurrent spontaneous abortion, preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction and fetal demise. Recently, an asociation has been sugested between infertility and thrombophilias, involving diferent aspects of the infertile couple therapy. MTHFR and Leiden mutations can be found more frecuently in patients with diagnosis of unknown infertility when compared with control groups. During ovarian estimulation, thrombophilias have been linked with severe ovarian hiperstimulation syndrome. Furthermore, patients with recurrent implantation failure after in vitro fertilization therapy show a higher rate of thrombophilias than patients with succesful IVF therapy. A review of the relevant publications concerning the topic thrombophilia and infertility until august 2009 is presented in this article. The aim of this article is to describe the results of the studies and its relevance in the infertile couple treatment.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Infertility, Female/epidemiology , Infertility, Female/etiology , Thrombophilia/complications , Thrombophilia/epidemiology
6.
Iatreia ; 20(3): 308-313, sept. 2007. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-471474

ABSTRACT

Se debe considerar un estado de hipercoagulabilidad primaria o trombofilia heredada en los pacientes con enfermedad tromboembólica venosa. La sospecha clínica se debe dirigir a los pacientes con presentación temprana, recurrente, familiar o en sitios anatómicos poco usuales. En este reporte se describe el caso de un paciente con déficit de proteína C de la coagulación, quien desarrolló trombosis venosa profunda del miembro inferior derecho a los 36 años y un año después, trombosis venosa profunda del miembro inferior izquierdo. A la edad de 51 años presentó trombosis de vasos mesentéricos que condujo a una resección intestinal extensa lo que obligó a un trasplante de intestino delgado. Su padre había presentado trombosis venosa de los miembros inferiores. Se descartó la presencia asociada de la mutación G20210A de la protrombina y del Factor V Leiden. Hasta donde sabemos, es el primer caso de deficiencia de proteína C de la coagulación informado en la literatura colombiana.


Inherited thrombophilias are an important group of diseases that should be taken into account in the study of patients with thromboembolic disease, particularly in those whose clinical presentation includes frequent and recurrent thrombotic episodes at young age, in unusual sites, and a familial history of thrombosis. We report the case of a patient with C protein deficiency which developed deep venous thromboses of both legs when he was 36 and 37 years old. At 51 years of age he suffered from mesenteric thrombosis requiring surgical treatment and small intestine transplantation. His father had deep venous thrombosis. This is the first report of C protein deficiency in the Colombian literature. Other inherited thrombophilias such as the G20210A mutation in the prothrombin gene and Factor V Leiden were absent.


Subject(s)
Protein C , Thrombophilia , Thrombosis
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